- Business networks, wealth & markets 商业网络、财富与市场
- Business Networks benefit from connectivity
商业网络受益于互联互通
- Participants are customers, suppliers, banks, partners 参与者包括客户、供应商、银行、合作伙伴
- Cross geography & regulatory boundary 跨越地域和监管边界
- Wealth is generated by the flow of goods & services across business network in transactions and contracts 财富通过商业网络中商品和服务的流动在交易和合同中产生
- Markets are central to this process:
市场在这一过程中起核心作用：
- Public (fruit market, car auction) 公共市场（水果市场、汽车拍卖）
- Private (supply chain financing, bonds) 私有市场（供应链融资、债券）
Transferring Assets, Building Value
- Anything that is capable of being owned or controlled to produce value is an asset 任何能够被拥有或控制以产生价值的东西都是资产
- Two fundamental types of asset
资产的两种基本类型
- Tangible, e.g. a house 有形资产，例如房屋
- Intangible, e.g. a mortgage 无形资产，例如抵押贷款
- Intangible assets subdivide
无形资产的分类
- Financial, e.g. bond 金融资产，例如债券
- Intellectual, e.g. patents 知识产权，例如专利
- Digital, e.g. music 数字资产，例如音乐
- Cash is also an asset
现金也是一种资产
- Has property of anonymity 具有匿名性属性
Ledgers are Key
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Ledger is the system of record for a business. 账本是企业的记录系统
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Business will have multiple ledgers for multiple business networks in which they participate. 企业会为其参与的多个商业网络设置多个账本
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Transaction – an asset transfer onto or off the ledger 交易——资产在账本上的转移或撤销
- John gives a car to Anthony (simple) 约翰将一辆汽车赠予安东尼（简单示例）
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Contract – conditions for transaction to occur 合同——交易发生的条件
- If Anthony pays John money, then car passes from John to Anthony (simple) 如果安东尼支付约翰资金，那么汽车从约翰转移到安东尼（简单情况）
- If car won’t start, funds do not pass to John (as decided by third party arbitrator) (more complex) 如果汽车无法启动，则资金不会转移给约翰（由第三方仲裁者决定）（较复杂情况）
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Banking and finance (bitcoin, replacing existing payment systems). 银行与金融（比特币，替代现有支付系统）
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Cyber security (data cannot be modified). 网络安全（数据不可被修改）
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Supply chain (permissioned Blockchain for trust, efficiency, management). 供应链（许可区块链用于信任、效率、管理）
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IOT (Centralized database of IOT to eliminate central communication. Samsung and IBM are developing the applications) 物联网（集中式物联网数据库，以消除中心化通信。三星和 IBM 正在开发相关应用）
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Insurance (Trust management, verification of data, insurance contract etc.). 保险（信任管理、数据验证、保险合同等）
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Transport (ride sharing applications without the third party, e-wallet for payment). 交通（共享出行应用，无需第三方，电子钱包支付）
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Cloud storage (security, management, efficiency). 云存储（安全性、管理、效率）
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Voting (registration and verification, counting). 投票（注册与验证、计票）
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Healthcare (Securely store and share sensitive data). 医疗（安全存储和共享敏感数据）
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Intermediators (Remove the third party from any business, government, real estate and even charities: where is your donated money being used). 中介机构（去除商业、政府、房地产乃至慈善事业中的第三方：捐款资金的去向）
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Autonomous ecommerce (“the collaboration of things.“ implies massive machine-to-machine collaboration at scale). 自动化电子商务（“万物协作”意味着大规模机器对机器协作）
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Blockchain technology can lower transactions costs and increase efficiency in business applications by providing a secure and transparent platform for transactions. 区块链技术可以降低交易成本，提高商业应用的效率，提供安全透明的交易平台
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By eliminating intermediaries, blockchain can reduce the cost of transactions and reduce processing time. 通过消除中介，区块链可以减少交易成本并缩短处理时间
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Blockchain also provides a permanent and immutable ledger, which can improve the accuracy of transactions and reduce the risk of fraud. 区块链还提供永久且不可篡改的账本，提高交易准确性，降低欺诈风险
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It also brings trust into business environment which is main attractions for all business applications. 它为商业环境带来信任，这也是所有商业应用的主要吸引力
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In addition, blockchain allows for the creation of decentralized applications, or dapps, which can automate business processes, reducing the need for manual intervention. 此外，区块链允许创建去中心化应用（dApps），能够自动化业务流程，减少人工干预需求
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This can increase the speed and efficiency of transactions, which will result in the improvement of overall business performance. 这将加快交易速度，提高交易效率，从而提升整体业务表现